Rolling stock › In serviceData updated
Class 230
Trains converted from London Underground D78 Stock cars. Transport for Wales has five, diesel-battery hybrids with open gangways, on the Borderlands line between Wrexham and Bidston since April 2023. GWR runs a battery version on Saturdays between West Ealing and Greenford, and it set a world distance record for a battery train on one charge. London Northwestern Railway ran three on the Marston Vale line from April 2019 until December 2022. Vivarail, which converted the trains, filed notice of its intention to appoint administrators in November 2022; LNR's units were withdrawn the next month and not brought back.
Class 230 · schematic drawing GB Trains · gbtrains.uk/stock/230/ · CC BY 4.0
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Liveries 2
The same measured train in each livery, each drawn from a cited source. The drawing above shows the largest fleet’s.
Former liveries 2
- Type
- Diesel-battery hybrid and battery multiple unit
- Builder
- Vivarail, from former London Underground D78 Stock
- In service
- since 2019
- Operators
- GWR, Transport for Wales
- Formation
- 3 cars (GWR's 230001 and TfW's five); LNR's units had 2
- Fleets
- Great Western Railway: 1; Transport for Wales: 5
- Power
- Batteries (GWR's 230001); diesel and battery (TfW's and LNR's units) · how it works
- Bogies
- the D78 Stock's Adtranz flexible H-frame bogies · drawn with the same bogie component as Class 484, D78 Stock
- Train length
- 183 ft (55.7 m) (the cars’ lengths added)
- Car height
- 12 ft 2 in (3.703 m)
- Car width
- 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
- Profile
- main-line
- Status
- In service with Transport for Wales (five units, Wrexham to Bidston) and GWR (one unit, on Saturdays).
Car types
| Code | Car | Length | Doors per side |
|---|---|---|---|
| DM | Driving motor (DM), a former D78 driving motor | 61 ft 2 in18.652 m | 4 wide single-leaf |
| T | Centre car, a former D78 trailer or non-driving motor | 60 ft 4 in18.399 m | 4 wide single-leaf |
Sources
How we source figures → · Spotted a mistake? Tell us → (opens in a new tab)
Show the 36 sources from Wikimedia Commons, London Northwestern Railway, London Underground and 14 more
- Great Western Railway introduces record-breaking battery train into passenger service FirstGroup, 31 January 2026GWR: into passenger service 31 January 2026, Saturdays West Ealing to Greenford, 200.5-mile record
- GWR battery train set for passenger use six days a week in next stage of tests RAIL, 18 February 2026230001 in passenger service on Saturdays only for the foreseeable future (status)
- First Class 230 begins passenger services between Bletchley and Bedford (archived) London Northwestern Railway, 23 April 2019LNR: first passenger service 23 April 2019
- Marston Vale Line: buses replace trains until further notice (archived) London Northwestern Railway, December 2022LNR: buses replace trains from December 2022 (summary)
- Class 150 units back on the Marston Vale line Rail Engineer, 19 December 2023why LNR's 230s weren't brought back (summary)
- "Focus remains" on bringing troubled Class 230 trains into service as manufacturer heads into administration Wrexham.com, 29 November 2022Vivarail's notice of intention to appoint administrators, 23 November 2022 (summary)
- Rolling Stock Information Sheets (2nd edition) London Underground, March 2007, pp. 20-21the D78 bodies: doors, windows, bogies, cab profile and heights (measured); the body's width, 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m), which the conversion kept; p. 21: no floor height or floor line; the D78's doors' foot about 3 ft 7 in (1,094 mm) above rail, read on its 11 ft 11 in (3,630 mm) height (set T12F, Kyle, 29 October 2026)
- Great Western Railway Class 230 compliance spreadsheet Department for Transport (GWR's submission), published 28 January 2026230001 is a three-car unit about 184 ft (56 m) long; floor 3 ft 11 in (1,190 mm) above rail; gangways between the cars; one universal toilet; the step position unchanged since the D78 build (set T12F, Kyle, 29 October 2026)
- British Rail Class 230 Wikipediacar lengths, height; conversion; LNR's two-car units
- GWR Class 230 230001 photographs (West Ealing, Drayton Green, Greenford) Wikimedia Commons, January-February 2026the new front, gangways and colours of the drawing
- Class 230s finally enter service with Transport for Wales Railway Gazette International (Tony Miles), 5 April 2023TfW's five units, 230006 to 230010, in service from 3 April 2023; open gangways; Birkenhead depot
- Wales' first hybrid train enters service on Borderlands Line Transport for Wales, 3 April 2023TfW's five three-car units, Wrexham to Bidston
- A guide to our fleet of trains: fleet accessibility specifications (V3, updated June 2026) Transport for Wales, June 2026TfW's Class 230s still in its fleet, June 2026
- 'They don't make trains like this anymore' (Vivarail's D-Train) Rail Technology Magazine, 1 May 2015bogies: the D78's Bombardier (Adtranz) bogies of 2000-03, reused; only the bogies and bodyshells kept from the old units
- Class 230 D-Train Railway Technology, 16 March 2018bogies: the D-Stock's Bombardier-designed bogies reused
- Rolling Stock Information Sheets (2nd edition) London Underground, March 2007, pp. 20-21the bogies' type, 7 ft 3 in (2,200 mm) wheelbase and 2 ft 7 in (790 mm) wheels (the D78's)
- D78 Stock photographs: 7537 at Upton Park (Oxyman, CC BY 2.5, 4 July 2008), D78 Bogie (Hahifuheho, CC0, 2009), 7059 (train_photos, CC BY-SA 2.0, 1 March 2014), D Stock at West Ham (Edgepedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, 26 July 2013) Wikimedia Commons, 2008-2014bogie layout, from the D78 Bogie photograph (layout only)
- NEW TRAINS FOR OLD: From Upminster to Upcycled – Vivarail's D-Train The Railway Magazine, 15 February 2018the conversion at Long Marston: the D78's aluminium bodies and FLEX100 bogies kept; prototype 230001; the battery demonstrator (January to April 2017); the first offer's two Ford diesel packs a driving car, each powering one bogie
- '230001 at West Ealing - 30 Jan 2026.jpg' (photograph: 230001's leading car, car 300001, its left side near side-on; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (Sludge G, CC BY-SA 4.0), 30 January 2026230001's left side near side-on (car 300001): the driver's door, the narrow window behind it, the crew door; placed by perspective
- 'GWR Class 230001.jpg' (photograph: 230001 at West Ealing, front three-quarter, car 300001's left side; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (James0804, CC BY-SA 4.0), 8 August 2026230001's left side three-quarter (car 300001): the driver's door outline and the narrow window; placed by perspective
- 'GWR Class 230 001 at Greenford first day of service.jpg' (photograph: 230001, front three-quarter, its right side; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (Fortek67, CC BY-SA 4.0), 31 January 2026230001's right side: the same cab-side layout as its left (the driver's door, the narrow window, the crew door)
- 230001 (photograph: GWR's 230001 at track level, its DM 300101 near side-on; CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) R~P~M, via Flickr (52990914122), 21 June 2023layout of the underframe equipment on 230001's DM and centre car (layout only)
- 'GWR Class 230001.jpg' (photograph: 230001 at West Ealing, front three-quarter, car 300001's left side; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (James0804, CC BY-SA 4.0), 8 August 2026the cab coupler: its position, heights and shape (set BC5, 20 October 2026)
- '230001 at West Ealing - 30 Jan 2026.jpg' (photograph: 230001's leading car, car 300001, its left side near side-on; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (Sludge G, CC BY-SA 4.0), 30 January 2026GWR's grey band: its heights, ends and colour, read against the drawn windows (set T12, 28 October 2026)
- 'GWR Class 230001.jpg' (photograph: 230001 at West Ealing, front three-quarter, car 300001's left side; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (James0804, CC BY-SA 4.0), 8 August 2026GWR's grey band: its heights, ends and colour, a second reading (set T12, 28 October 2026)
- '230009 working 3F48 Wrexham General to Birkenhead North EMUD passes Bidston 190324 (53598506349).jpg' (photograph: 230009 in Transport for Wales colours, three-quarter from the cab end; CC BY-SA 2.0) Wikimedia Commons (Foulger Rail Photos, CC BY-SA 2.0), 19 March 2024layout of the underframe equipment on TfW's DM and centre car (layout only)
- '230010 at Bidston 190324 (53598177296).jpg' (photograph: 230010, its leading car near side-on; CC BY-SA 2.0) Wikimedia Commons (Foulger Rail Photos, CC BY-SA 2.0), 19 March 2024a second unit near side-on: the 3001xx driving car (300110), its doors placed by perspective
- 'TFW 230.jpg' (photograph: 230007 approaching Wrexham General, front three-quarter; CC BY 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (Vanmanyo, CC BY 4.0), 14 August 2024the front and the cab end in sun; the leading car (3001xx) from its left: the driver's door, the plated old cab door, the first doorway red and a fixed window in the plated second doorway
- '230Interior2025.jpg' (photograph: the interior of a Transport for Wales Class 230; CC BY-SA 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (Vanmanyo, CC BY-SA 4.0), 16 December 2025a TfW 230 in service in December 2025
- '230007-Bidston-P1780836.jpg' (photograph: 230007 at Bidston, its 3001xx driving car three-quarter from ahead; CC0) Wikimedia Commons (Spsmiler, CC0), 6 February 2024230007's 3001xx car (300107): the doorway behind the cab red, as 300110's
- 'DEMU 230007 leaving Hope (Flintshire) Station for Wrexham (geograph 7610278).jpg' (photograph: 230007, its 3000xx driving car three-quarter from ahead; CC BY-SA 2.0) Wikimedia Commons (Peter Moore, via Geograph, CC BY-SA 2.0), 19 September 2023230007's 3000xx car (300007), its other side: the doorway behind the cab grey, as 300009's
- 'Transport for Wales Class 230 arriving into Wrexham General.png' (photograph: 230010, front three-quarter, its leading car's left side; CC BY 4.0) Wikimedia Commons (JakesoTrains, CC BY 4.0), 2 April 2024230010's leading car (3001xx), its left side: the first doorway red, a fixed window in the plated second doorway
- Class 150 Transport for Wales Livery Concept C, Option 1, DG8-SK-92444 Issue B Transport for Wales Rail Ltd (released under FOI: 'Livery designs for current rolling stock'), 21 November 2018 (released 11 August 2021), p. 1the paint references: NCS S 3000-N for the grey and RAL 3020 Traffic red for the red (TfW's red and grey scheme)
- 'Compare and contrast Pontypridd, south Wales (53899790340).jpg' (photograph: 231009 and 150280 in Transport for Wales colours at Pontypridd; CC BY 2.0) Wikimedia Commons (Jeremy Segrott, CC BY 2.0), 29 July 2024231009's RAL 3020 doors read against its grey the same way: the check on the method (colour only)
- TfW 230 on test July 2020.jpg (photograph, CC BY-SA 4.0) Railphotographyuk, via Wikimedia Commons, 16 July 2020a check of the centre car's exhaust runs; the DMB's left side (layout only)
- British Rail Class 230 Wikipedia, read 13 October 2026the livery's name, who ran it and its years (no colours taken)
- LNR's units as diesel-battery hybrids (general description)
- Height 12 ft 2 in (3.703 m; Wikipedia): no Class 230 drawing was found, so the drawing raises the D78's heights by 73 mm to match it. GWR's compliance submission (DfT, January 2026) gives 230001's nominal floor as 3 ft 11 in (1,190 mm) above rail (from Vivarail's drawing VR-0000-0112_02), and says the step position for getting on and off 'has not changed since original build', when the cars were D78 stock, which argues against a raise; London Underground's D78 sheet prints no floor height and draws no floor (its side view puts the doors' foot about 3 ft 7 in (1,094 mm) above rail), so the drawn heights stay as they are until a drawing settles them (set T12F, Kyle, 29 October 2026, question 8)
- Car lengths 61 ft 2 in and 60 ft 4 in (18.652 and 18.399 m; Wikipedia; the D78 bodies plus 280 mm between cars)
- The centre car: a former D78 trailer or non-driving motor (their sides are the same); drawn as the trailer
- Doorways: drawn as the D78's four per side; the one behind each cab is marked for crew and emergencies only, and whether a doorway was removed for the universal toilet isn't shown by any source found
- The new front, deflector, window rubbers and colours are from photographs; the underframe box and the gangways between the cars are placeholders (no source gives their layout or size)
- The driver's door (1 ft 11 in to 4 ft 1 in (590-1,250 mm)) and its window (2 ft 3 in to 3 ft 9 in (680-1,140 mm)), and 230001's narrow window (6 ft 2 in to 7 ft 5 in (1,890-2,250 mm)): placed from photographs by perspective, to about 100 mm; their heights are the other doors' and windows'
- The underframe: positions along the car to about 300 mm (each from one photograph, the equipment's set-in estimated), heights to about 100 mm; both DM layouts are each unit's right side, put on the drawing's cab-left DM, whose left side no photograph shows; GWR's centre car is drawn as a dark mass because no photograph shows its equipment; TfW's DMB is drawn as the DM, but the only photograph of one (its left side, 2020) shows no pale boxes
- Transport for Wales: no exterior photograph from 2025-26 was found; the livery is drawn from 2024 photographs
- Transport for Wales: the two driving cars are told apart on photographs of 300009, 300007, 300110 and 300107 (2023-24); that the 3001xx car's plated doorway is for the toilet, and which car faces which end of the line, aren't published
- Transport for Wales: colours: the grey is TfW's paint reference (NCS S 3000-N, as drawn on the 231), which lit panels on three photographs agree with; the red is TfW's paint reference too (RAL 3020, as on the 231), which the doors agree with on four photographs when read against the grey beside them; the roof drawn in the doors' red
- Transport for Wales: the 3001xx car's left side has a fixed window where its second doorway was (three photographs, 2024); its width, about that of a door window, is not measured, and that side isn't drawn
- The years of the former liveries come from Wikipedia's class article and the other sources listed, and haven't been checked against a second source.
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